Anselms Proslogium :: essays research papers

In this discourse, Anselm looks to discover God, and discover what makes God real. Anselm has many conflicts at freshman with himself, wondering if there is one true single argument as to prove the existence of God. Anselm puts all his thoughts together from first to last, those which make him almost exhibit up wondering, and those thoughts that made him fully understand. Anselm also tries to answer the many questions as to why humans sometimes doubt the existence of god, such as the fact God has left us, and since then man has digressed and lives in misery without Gods existence. He enlightens us on the fact yes, many of us truly do seek God, but we are oftentimes clouded by our birth thoughts and desires. As soon as man begins to look for the law and look for the good in Gods grace, we have ambitious intentions, such as to further our let wisdom. Is it truly an evil to further our own wisdom? This is one thing that comes to mind when dealing with this article for me. For ever y reason we seek god though, it in someway has a selfish think behind it, even if not harmful intent. If one seeks God for calm and serenity, then he seeks to exclude himself from the rest of the world and not pay motor inn to God with his fellow friends. If one seeks God to further their own knowledge and become an expert, then he seeks God to become better then others in respect, and is thinking merely of himself. The main point being made here is God should just be felt, not understood. God created man in his own image so that man could understand and know that God has compassion and grace. It need not be felt or seen to be truly there, we should exactly know and understand that God is there for us and helping us become better individuals. I think the second point being made from this paper is that many individuals have a lust for God. They want to believe so they have something to believe in, and want the Lord to be real. Anselm repeatedly discusses his hurt he had for God, where he continuously sought to learn more and extend his faith. This lust for God he finally resolves is something we should not feel. One should simply fill in God without question, because if seeking God, selfish purposes often arise.

Muhammad Ali :: essays research papers

Muhammad AliThe greatest mystery of the 1996 Olympic summer games in Atlanta, was solved at28 minutes past midnight the day of the opening ceremony. The crowd erupted whenthe Olympic torch was passed to Muhammad Ali. The Olympic opulent medal boxerMuhammad Ali lifted the torch and trembled before a crowd screaming Ali. Hethen sent the fire soaring high above the stadium to ignite the ceremonialOlympic cauldron. This moment was sincerely yours one of the finest ever to many sportsfan, considering the tragedy Ali has been through, he still executed the missionas a true champion. Ali was born Cassius Marcellus Clay in Louisville, KY., onJanuary 17, 1942. He grew up in a poor family. His adolescence was influenced bya prejudice society, and the poor black neighborhood where he grew up. Ali hadproblems in school at an early stage and felt he wanted to do somethingdifferent. His dreams were going to be fulfilled at an age of 12, when JoeMartin, a police officer and a boxing instructor, encouraged Ali to start withboxing. Ali showed great skills at an early stage of his boxing career. At theage of 16, Ali had won both Golden Glove Titles, two National AAU Titles, he wasby now nationally recognized. When the 1960 Rome Olympic Game was about to takeoff, Ali was provided with an opportunity to represent his country. At thispoint he had fought 103 amateur matches, and had only lost five. Ali went withthe Olympic team to Rome, and he did not only participate, he also won theprecious Olympic gold medal. Ali returned folk from Italy, and he felt that hehad made a difference when he won the gold medal for his country. When he gotback to his hometown, Louisville, he thought that he was going to be treated asa champion, but he was still discriminated by the white society. In anger, Alidecided to throw his Olympic gold medal into the Ohio river, as a protestagainst what he perceived as racism in his hometown. At this point Ali wanted totake a survive against the discrimina tion of the blacks in the US, and did so byhis actions. By the age of 22 Clay had a professional boxing record of 19 winsand no loss. On February 25, 1964, Ali got the chance to fight for the worldheavyweight championship. Despite his prior record, Ali was considered to be theunderdog, few experts gave him a chance. Before the fight Ali used the media

Colonization and Wealth in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Chinua

Colonization and Views on Wealth in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebes Things Fall ApartThe novels Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe share a common theme both deal with the colonization of Africa by settlers from Europe. When one examines the motives for this imperialist attitude in each book, one notices that in both books the motivation for colonization revolves around the gaining of wealth. However Conrad and Achebe define wealth differently. In Heart of Darkness the Europeans view wealth economically, such as the concern of ivory. In Things Fall Apart the idea of wealth is viewed by Europeans as belonging to and spreading the European culture and religion. Despite these different definitions of wealth, both groups of Europeans bear their wealth by assuming a position of power over the Africans. However, the Africans in Things Fall Apart have an opposing view of wealth that of quiet and status within their society. Becaus e of this they achieve wealth in a different manner than the Europeans. These methods of acquiring wealth suggest that the conflicts in Africa are a outcome of the colonization efforts of the Europeans. The main reason for colonization of Africa by Europeans is for profit. In the novel Heart of Darkness, profit comes from the ivory that the Europeans receive from trade agreements with the Africans. This desire is evident as suggested in this quote The only real feeling was a desire to get appointed to a trading-post where ivory was to be had, so that they could earn percentages (Conrad 42). This argument shows that all the Europeans want from Africa is ivory. Therefore, it can be gestated that one of the main reasons that colonization to... ...onial conflict is entirely one sided. The Europeans have been shown to define wealth as gaining money and spreading their religion, therefore they can be seen as the aggressors in this conflict, reaching outside of their area for personal gain and profit. To obtain this wealth they assume a position of power over the Africans by enslaving them and using their knowledge to overthrow the African culture and religion. The Africans view of wealth and their method for obtaining this wealth in no way involves the Europeans. All that the Africans wanted to do was to continue living on their own and to not be intruded upon. From this, one can see that the colonial conflict is entirely due to the Europeans desire for wealth. Works CitedAchebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. New York Anchor Books, 1994.Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. New York Penguin Books, 1999.

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller Essay -- American History

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller Captains of industry, or robber barons?True, Andrew Carnegie and John D Rockefeller may have been the most influential businessmen of the 19th century, but was the counsel they conducted business proper? To fully answer this question, we must look at the following First understand how Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller changed the market of their industries. Second, look at the similarities and differences in how both men achieved domination. Third and lastly, Look at how both men treated their workers and customers in order achieve the most possible profit for their company. allow us first look at Mr. Andrew Carnegie. Carnegie was a mogul in the steel industry. Carnegie developed a system known as the vertical integration. This system basically cut out the middle man. Carnegie bought his own iron and coal mines (which were necessities in producing steel) because purchasing these materials from independent companies cost too much and w as lean for Carnegies empire. This hurt his competitors because they still had to pay for raw materials at much higher prices. Unlike Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller integrated his oil business from top to bottom. Rockefellers system was considered a horizontal integration. This meant that he followed one product through all phases of the production process, i.e. Rockefeller had control over the oil from the hour it was drilled to the moment it was sold to the consu...

Drug Usage In Todays Youth Essay -- Essays Papers

Drug Usage In Todays Youth Todays teenagers cry out ever for their personal freedom but have thrown their responsibilities as well as their right to these personal freedoms out the window with their increasing turn towards drugs. gibe to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, in 1997, nearly fifty percent of high school seniors have used marijuana. i This is a frightful statistic. However, it not as shocking as the fact that this percentage has been on a steady increase since 1992 and has shown no sign of leveling out any(prenominal) time soon. The youth of today have not only started to use illicit drugs in more frequently, but drugs are reaching a greater number of adolescents and teenagers each year. One big problem with todays youth is that the majority does not fear the consequences of drugs. In addition, they are increasingly using illicit drugs and about regard drugs as the popular thing to do. There are countless movies out where todays youth is portrayed as dr ug exploiters. Even if it is not a drug based movie, there is at least one comment on, reference to, or portrayal of the use of drugs by all types of people. The worst helping about it is that it is not only the stereotype drug user in these movies that is using the drugs. In fact, in several of the pop culture movies that have been released in the past few years it is the most popular kids in school that are using the drugs. For instance in the movie Clueless, at a party, Cher and the opposite popular kids smoke marijuana and make it sound like it is all right to do. This portrayal of not only the slackers, but also the cool kids in todays community using drugs is a big influence on todays youth that using drugs is ok. Using drugs is irresponsible, unh... ... and added personal freedom, this is hindered by the addition of drugs to this natural cycle. If a user is to irresponsible to not see the disadvantages of drugs why should any freedom be gained. The problem with todays s ociety is that they always want the quick fix to everything. This is upheld with the youth of todays society wanting personal freedom, but no responsibility. i High School Youth and Trends. NIDA Infofax. Database on-line. Available from http//www.nida,nih.gov/Infofax/HSYouthtrends.html ii Hamilton, Linda. Recreational Drugs An Alluring Threat to Your Body Chemistry. leap Magazine, January 1996 iii Same as ii. iv Brook, Judith S., Balka, Elinor B., Whiteman, Martin. The Risks for Late Adolescence of Early Adolescent Marijuana Use. American Journal of Public Health, October 1999 v Same as iv.

Drug Usage In Todays Youth Essay -- Essays Papers

Drug Usage In Todays Y knocked egress(p)h Todays teenagers cry out incessantly for their personal freedom but guide thrown their responsibilities as well as their right to these personal freedoms out the window with their increasing moot towards drugs. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, in 1997, nearly fifty percent of high school seniors have used marijuana. i This is a shocking statistic. However, it non as shocking as the fact that this percentage has been on a steady increase since 1992 and has shown no sign of leveling out any time soon. The early days of today have not only started to use unlawful drugs in more frequently, but drugs are reaching a greater number of adolescents and teenagers each year. One big problem with todays youth is that the majority does not fear the consequences of drugs. In addition, they are increasingly using illicit drugs and almost regard drugs as the popular thing to do. There are countless movies out where todays y outh is portrayed as drug users. Even if it is not a drug based movie, there is at least one comment on, reference to, or portrayal of the use of drugs by all types of people. The score part about it is that it is not only the stereotype drug user in these movies that is using the drugs. In fact, in several of the pop culture movies that have been released in the past few years it is the most popular kids in school that are using the drugs. For instance in the movie Clueless, at a party, Cher and the other popular kids smoke marijuana and make it sound like it is all right to do. This portrayal of not only the slackers, but also the calm kids in todays society using drugs is a big influence on todays youth that using drugs is ok. Using drugs is irresponsible, unh... ... and added personal freedom, this is hindered by the addition of drugs to this natural cycle. If a user is to irresponsible to not see the disadvantages of drugs why should any freedom be gained. The problem with t odays society is that they always want the quick fix to everything. This is upheld with the youth of todays society wanting personal freedom, but no responsibility. i High School Youth and Trends. NIDA Infofax. Database on-line. Available from http//www.nida,nih.gov/Infofax/HSYouthtrends.html ii Hamilton, Linda. Recreational Drugs An Alluring Threat to Your system Chemistry. Dance Magazine, January 1996 iii Same as ii. iv Brook, Judith S., Balka, Elinor B., Whiteman, Martin. The Risks for Late Adolescence of Early Adolescent Marijuana Use. American Journal of Public Health, October 1999 v Same as iv.

Different Type of Toys

Toy A teddy bear A shrink from is all object that tummy be used for play. Toys argon associated commonly with children and pets. Playing with toys is a good deal thought to be an enjoyable means of training the young for disembodied spirit in human society. Different materials be used to make toys enjoyable and cuddly to two young and old. Many items are intentional to serve as toys, but goods produced for other purposes can also be used. For instance, a fiddling child may pick up a household item and fly it through the air as to pretend that it is an airplane.Another consideration is inter mobile digital entertainment, such as a video game. Some toys are produced generally as collectors items and are intended for display only. The origin of toys is prehistoric dolls representing infants, animals, and soldiers, as well as representations of tools used by adults are readily found at archaeological sites. The origin of the word toy is unknown, but it is believed that it was first used in the 14th century. 1 Toys, and play in general, are important when it comes to growing up and chartering about the world around us.The young use toys and play to discover their identity, help their bodies grow bullocky, learn cause and effect, explore relationships, and practice skills they depart need as adults. Adults use toys and play to form and strengthen social bonds, teach, remember and reinforce lessons from their youth, discover their identity, exercise their minds and bodies, explore relationships, practice skills, and decorate their existing spaces. Child development A rubber duck is a popular bathtime toy for sensitive children. Toys, like play itself, serve multiple purposes in both humans and animals.They provide entertainment while fulfilling an educational role. Toys enhance cognitive behavior and stimulate creativity. They aid in the development of physical and mental skills which are necessary in later life. One of the simplest toys, a set of simp le wooden blocks is also one of the best toys for developing minds. Andrew Witkin, director of marketing for Mega Brands told Investors short letter Daily that, They help develop hand-eye coordination, math and science skills and also let kids be creative. 8 Other toys like Marbles, jackstones, and balls serve imilar functions in child development, allowing children to use their minds and bodies to learn about spatial relationships, cause and effect, and a wide range of other skills as well as those mentioned by Mr. Witkin. One example of the dramatic slipway that toys can influence child development involves clay sculpting toys such as Play-Doh and Silly Putty and their home-made counterparts. Mary Ucci, Educational Director of the Child Study oculus of Wellesley College, demonstrates how such toys positively allude the physical development, cognitive development, emotional development, and social development of children. 9 Toys for infants often make use of distinctive sounds, bright colors, and unique textures. through and through play with toys infants begin to recognize shapes and colors. Repetition reinforces memory. Play-Doh, Silly Putty and other hands-on materials allow the child to make toys of their own. Educational toys for school age children of often contain a puzzle, problem-solving technique, or mathematical proposition. Often toys designed for older audiences, such as teenagers or adults demonstrate advanced concepts.Newtons cradle, a desk toy designed by Simon Prebble, demonstrates the conservation of momentum and energy. Not all toys are appropriate for all ages of children. Some toys which are marketed for a specific age range can even harm the development of children in that range. Gender A toy tank with a remote control. Such toys are generally thought of as boys toys. Certain toys, such as Barbie dolls and toy soldiers, are often perceived as being more acceptable for one gender than the other. It has been noted by researchers that, Children as young as 18 months display sex-stereotyped toy choices. 10 Playing with toys stereotyped for the opposite gender sometimes results in negative consequences from parents or colleague children. In recent yearscitation needed, mainly in western countriescitation needed, it has been looked batch upon for males to play with toys that were originally stereotyped as being girls games and toys. However, it is generally not as looked down upon for females to play with toys designed for boys, an activity which has also become more common in recent years. 11 Economics Toys R Us operates over 1,500 stores in 30 countries and has an nnual revenue of US$13. 6 billion With toys comprising such a large and important part of human existence, it makes sense that the toy industry would have a substantial economic impact. Sales of toys often increase around holidays where gift-giving is a tradition. Some of these holidays include Christmas, Easter, Saint Nicholas Day and Three Kings Day. In 2005, toy gross revenue in the United States totaled about $22. 9 billion. 8 Money spent on children between the ages of 8 and twelve alone totals approximately $221 million annually in the U. S. 12 Toy makers change and adapt their toys to meet the changing demands of children thereby gaining a larger share of the substantial market. In recent years umpteen toys have become more complicated with flashing lights and sounds in an effort to appeal to children raised around television and the internet. According to Mattels president, Neil Friedman, Innovation is key in the toy industry and to succeed one must create a wow moment for kids by designing toys that have fun, innovative features and include new technologies and prosecute content. In an effort to reduce costs, many mass-producers of toys locate their factories in areas where wages are lower. 75% of all toys sold in the U. S. , for example, are manufactured in China. 8 Issues and events such as power outages, supply of r aw materials, supply of labor, and raising wages that impact areas where factories are located often have an enormous impact on the toy industry in importing countries. Many traditional toy makers have been losing sales to video game makers for years.Because of this, some traditional toy makers have entered the field of electronic games and are enhancing the brands that they have by introducing interactive extensions or internet connectivity to their current toys. 13 Physical activity A boy from capital of Indonesia with his ball. Ball games tend to be good exercise, involving lots of physical activity and are popular worldwide. A great many toys are part of active play. These include traditional toys such as hoops, tops, jump ropes and balls, as well as more modern toys like Frisbees, foot bags, astrojax, Myachi, and the yo-yo.Playing with these sorts of toys allows children to exercise, building strong bones and muscles and aiding in physical fitness. Throwing and catching balls a nd frisbees can improve hand-eye coordination. Jumping rope, (also known as skipping) and playing with foot bags can improve balance. Safety regulations Toys with small pieces, such as these Lego elements are required by law to have warnings about choking hazards in some countries. Many countries have passed safety standards pass the types of toys that can be sold.Most of these seek to limit potential hazards, such as choking or apprise hazards that could cause injury. Children, especially very small ones, often put toys into their mouths, so the materials used to make a toy are regulated to prevent poisoning. Materials are also regulated to prevent fire hazards. Children have not yet learned to judge what is safe and what is dangerous, and parents do not always think of all possible situations, so such warnings and regulations are important on toys.There have also been issues of toy safety regarding lead paint. Some toy factories, when projects become too large for them to handle , outsource merchandise to other less known factories, often in other countries. Recently, there were some in China that America had to send back. The subcontractors may not be watched as closely and sometimes use improper manufacturing methods. The U. S. government, along with mass market stores, is now moving towards requiring companies to submit their products to testing before they end up on shelves. 17

Analysis of Langston Hughes Poetry

Steven R. Goodman AASP100 England May 5, 2010 Reaction 2 Langston Hughes Poetry A Literary Analysis of The total shadow Speaks of Rivers The Harlem Renaissance can be considered as the cultural boom in African-American invoice. Spanning from the 1920s into the mid-1930s, the Harlem Renaissance was an apex in African-American intellectualism. The period is in addition recognized as the New somberamoor Movementnamed after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. Alain LeRoy Locke was an American educator, writer, and philosopher, who most consider as the father of the Harlem Renaissance.Historians recall him as a leader and chief interpreter of the movement. In his anthology, he brings out a montage of works by many well-known Africans and African-Americans including such figures as Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Jacob Lawrence, capital of Virginia Barth, William Grant Still, Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois, Ralph Bunche, and John Dewey (Locke). One of these figures wrote one of the most profound poems still read today. Langston Hughes was an American poet whose most prominent works came out during the Harlem Renaissance.The poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers was Hughes first published poem and it was his signature too. Only 17 years old when he wrote it, Hughes created the poem while he was on a gear wheel headed to Mexico where he would live with his father for a year. As his train crossed the Mississippi River, he was astonished by how beautiful the river was and the thought of how that river had a function in maintaining slavery in America came into his mind and he started writing. Lets start off with the title. The title has the term negro in it. without delay how can we identify this?Well, the term negro tells us about the time period which takes us back to the early 20th century when negro was self-identifiable with the glumened community for that is the term that they adopted. However, we see that the term is only used in the title which p laces emphasis on its overall collective meaning of the ideas it portrays. Now permit us dive into the poem. There are two metaphorical themes in this poem and they are rivers and darkness. In term one, the Hughes says, Ive known rivers. In this line, I, the speaker, is rest for the entire fateful community throughout muniment.All of the rivers mentioned in the poem constitute as part of an extended metaphor that is comparing the souls of black plenty to the ancient, wise, and great rivers of the Earth (Shmoop). In the line two, the simile, as ancient as the world, is constructed to emphasize the comparison of the age of the rivers to the age of the Earth. In line three, we see rivers creation used as a metaphor to depict the rivers of blood that flow through human veins. So the flow of blood in veins is compared to the flow of rivers. In line for, Hughes creates a simile comparing how deep his soul is to how deep the rivers are.Now as we get to line five the story of the p ath of the black community in history unfolds. In line five we start off with the first river, the Euphrates River, which is supposedly where all life began known as the place of birth of civilization. Hughes notes that he bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young. This symbolizes that there was peace and freedom. Line half-dozen entails the black communitys journey into central western Africa. In line six we continue with the second river, the Congo River, where he built his hut and it lulled him to sleep. The black community is still undergoing peace and freedom.They are expression a civilization. In line seven we see Hughes going into the third river, the Nile River. Now in line seven, we can certainly say that freedom hasnt necessarily stopped, but history has shown that black people amongst white people, and yellow people were slaves and all participated in the building of the pyramids. Lastly, Hughes enters into the fourth and final river, the Mississippi River. Hughes describes here the moment in history when Abraham Lincoln sailed the Mississippi River and he witnessed the horrors of slavery at its finest.In this same line, Hughes has the river come alive when he describes the river singing. In lines nine and ten Hughes creates some imagery when he tells of how the sun setting on the Mighty Muddy Mississippi R. changed its color to gold. He in like manner personifies the river when he depicts it having a bosom acquiring fair(prenominal) attributes. The second theme of darkness can only be seen when literally picking away at the poem. We see that Hughes is very descriptive when he introduces darkness and light throughout the poem. In lines nine and ten we see Hughes describing how the Mississippi R. oes from muddy to golden as the sun departs and the night arrives. So we can also take from this as muddy being a metaphor for skin color when talking about slavery. Once the river becomes golden, slavery is abolished and slaves are freed. As we a ttend the word dusky when describing the nature of the rivers, the metaphor can be not just for skin color, but also to remind our reader about the causations past which haunts him. In line 13 the poem ends with My soul has grown deep like the rivers. What can we take from this?Everytime the black civilization moves to a different point in time, the rivers get deeper, as well as the black mans soul. The author has seen the upbringing of civilizations, he has contributed in building the pyramids, and he has witnessed slavery being abolished. This poem is a time machine of events. In conclusion, Langston Hughes was a New Negro because as a voice for the black community, through his poetry he influenced other people to take pride in their heritage, culture, and triumphs noting racism when needed while showing pride in the black community. Alain Locke. The 1 Site for African American Literature Books, Novels, Authors, Movies, Resources, Discussion and More African Diaspora. Web. 06 May 2010. http//aalbc. com/authors/Alainlocke. htm. The Negro Speaks of Rivers Symbolism, Imagery & Wordplay. Shmoop Study Guides & Teacher Resources. Web. 06 May 2010. http//www. shmoop. com/negro-speaks-of-rivers/symbolism-imagery. html.

Harriets Hats Essay

1. A year-end physical count of social occasion supplies on hand reveals supplies worth $1,800. The repose sheet reflected a balance in the ability supplies account of $3,700 before any year-end adjustments were made. What is the amount of supplies expense that will be included on the current year income statement?2. On declination 1, 20Y1, Nelson collected rent of $7,200 (for December, January, and February rent) from a tenant renting some set in its warehouse and credited Unearned Rent Revenue for the entire amount. What is the balance sheet value of Unearned Rent Revenue on 12/31/Y1?3. On July 31, 20Y1, Smith partnership paid $10,200 to rent warehouse space for the period 7/31/Y1 to 7/31/Y2. This warehouse space was also rented from 7/31/Y0 to 7/31/Y1. Smiths 1/1/Y1 balance sheet reflected a balance in the Prepaid Rent account relating to this warehouse of $5,775. Determine the amount of rent expense that would turn up on Smiths 20Y1 income statement.EXAM 1 REVIEW PAGE 1Re porting Special Income ItemsPlush Textiles had a beginning balance in its retained earnings account of $580,000 on January 1, 20Y1. Income from act Operations (before-tax) was $225,000 for 20Y1. The companys tax rate is 30% for all years presented. Following is a list of special items that have not been considered in the amounts above. All amounts are before taxesExtraordinary gainCorrection of a 20Y0 revenue understatementLoss from operations of a discontinued textiles divisionGain on sale of the textiles divisionOmission of depreciation charges from January and February 20Y1$31,000$50,000$22,000$60,000$10,000Prepare a partial income statement for 20Y1 starting with Income From Continuing Operations before Taxes.What is the 12/31/Y1 balance in the Retained profit account?Change in Accounting PrincipleTom Zuluaga Company began operations in 20Y1. In 20Y1 and 20Y2, the company estimated its bad debt expense by using the percentage of credit sales method. During 20Y3, the companys m anagement mulish to change to the aging-ofreceivables method for determining bad debt expense. Yearly bad debt expense using the two methods is presented below. Tom Zuluaga has a 35% tax rate.20Y120Y220Y3% of Credit gross sales$450,000$300,000$320,000Aging-of-Receivables$380,000$270,000$290,000How much bad debt expense will be account on the 20Y3 Income Statement? What is the dollar value (if any) of the 20Y3 adjustment to the beginning balance of Retained Earnings to reflect this change in accounting principle?DebitCreditWhat Balance Sheet account other than Taxes Payable and Retained Earnings ineluctably to be adjusted in 20Y3? By how much? AccountChange in Accounting Estimate$DebitCreditTom Zuluaga Company fit(p) an asset in service on January 2, 20Y1. Its cost was $1,350,000 with an estimated service life of 6 years. Salvage value was estimated to be $90,000. During 20Y3 the companys management determined, due(p) to technological obsolescence, the assets remaining useful l ife is 2 years, and the salvage value is estimated to be $45,000. The company uses the straight-line method of depreciation. Assume a 35% tax rate. How much depreciation expense will be reported on the 20Y3 Income Statement?How much depreciation expense will be reported as an adjustment to the beginning balance of Retained Earnings? $DebitLong-Term ContractsOn July 1, 20Y1, Tribe Construction Company Inc. contracted to build an office building for Moser Corp. for a total contract price of $2,500,000. On July 1, Tribe Construction estimated that it would take between 3 and 4 years to manage the building. On December 31, 20Y4, the building was completed. Following are accumulated contract costs incurred, estimated costs to complete the contract, and accumulated billings to Moser for 20Y1 20Y4.Contract costs incurred to dateEstimated costs to complete the contractBillings to Moser to dateCollections to dateAt 12/31/Y1$ 250,0001,750,000325,000200,000At 12/31/Y2$ 1,300,0001,100,0002,00 0,0001,800,000At 12/31/Y3$ 1,800,000750,0002,300,0002,000,000At 12/31/Y4$ 2,650,000-02,500,0002,500,000Complete the following information regarding the amount of profit/loss Tribe will recognize each year of the contract At 12/31/YIAt 12/31/Y2At 12/31/Y3At 12/31/Y4Percent Complete regularityCompleted Contract MethodPrepare a 12/31/Y2 partial balance sheet related to the above contract, assuming Tribe uses the percentage of completion method.

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No PSYCHOLOGY REVISION- MRS DAWSON Models of dependence on that point be different simulates of colony, these be the biological model, the cognitive model and the sociable learning model. Initiation this refers to the process where individuals start to constrain habit-forming Maintance this is the process whereby quite a little continue to be rich person addictively even in the face of adverse consequences turnaround this is the process whereby individuals who have managed to give their addictive habit start to show signs and symptoms of the behavior again. BIOLOGICAL MODEL They say that it is an illness.Addiction is an illness at that placefore the problem is within the person. Because it is an illness, it bed be cured. We are born with something and that something is befool offed off. More credibly to be prone to it. If a person quits their habituation, a biological predisposition makes recidivate more possible. The office staff of dopamine in addiction Initi ation- Research shows addiction always stimulates the reward circuit in the brain. Rewarding experiences triggers the release of dopamine and in effect tell the brain to do it again. Maintance Drugs eventually result in a reduction in the activity of positive reward circuits in the brain.The oppose state then sire in dominant driving force in the dose calling. The individual doesnt lay down the drug for pleasure, entirely takes it to keep off unpleasement. Because of this, they need more of the drug. Relapse Eventually the desire for the drug may assume more importance than more other desires. The frontal cortex has become less(prenominal) effective at making decisions and judging the consequences of action. Imminent reward that forces the addict to take the drugs. The endogenous opiod system This is a quality of addiction. It also includes the brain. Transmitters in the brain include enkeohain and the endorphins.They are activated in pleasure. Naltexrexone this is an al cohol discourse, which prevents opiod receptors, and this also prevents effects of alcohol. Neurodaptation KOCH AND LE MOAL says drugs dependence is to do with neuroadptations. They state that psychoactive drugs change the brains wiring. If stopped, the changes are no longer needed and causes disruption. Genetics Good way to question this is to study twins. Family studies then to illustrate environmental factors in the exploitation of addiction as well. Need to see if it is environmental or genetic.Agravel & Lynsky 2006 genetic fascinate with heritability estimates ranging between 45% -> 79% Kender et all (1998) 1934 female twins. Drug addiction was mainly due to genetic factor. Blum et al (1991) addictive off springs had the A1 gene showed that they had hardly a(prenominal)er dopamine receptors. Those who have these gens are more plausibly to be addicted to drugs which forget produce more dopamine. But this could be because they have fewer dopamine. EVAULATION OF BIOLOG ICAL MODEL X range is too wide X animals are not humans so cant verify. v formulates why some tribe are addicted X BUT sometimes it depends on the environmentX neurotransmitters have complex effects. Not fully understood X neglects social situations X too reductionalist US s olderiers took drugs while they were away but once they were kin they didnt. X some people may be experimenters ? chicken or the egg X very correlation. Cant connect them in a cause and effect way. X need more research in to it X people may indulge but not addicted X animal studies LEARNING THEORY OF ADDICTION Acquires habits, which are learnt according to the principles of SLT. Things can be unlearned. There are different degrees of addiction. Bandura Bobo doll Children learnt via observation several(prenominal) one who is reinforced (operant) their conduct is more likely yo be limited Vicarious reinforcer reinforcement received indirectly by observing individual else and creation reinforced Imitating someone we admire Cognitive labelling model An alcoholic walks pass a pub. The cue, associated with the inebriationing gives a psychological response and actives a memory of drinking. The sign of a gamy heart rate tells the person they need a drink. Outcome expectancy model Someone who has an addictive behaviour, when they are confronted with a cue for the drug, it baron trigger thoughts of excitement and would do it againClassical conditioning Addictive behaviour is also seen as being explained by classical conditioning. Drug abuse became associated with certain environmental factors until these factors wholly produce a high-pitched. Intuition, maintance and sink are due to learning experiences involving environmental. The cue-reacting theory Carter and Tiffany (1999) addicts associates things, which were similar to their addiction. Explained via classical conditioning. The cues become able to elite conditioning responses even in the absence of the action green goddess or fun behaviour. Operant conditioningPositive reinforcement Pleasant consequences Negative reinforcement Something unpleasant (likely to be repeated) Punishment Unpleasant consequences. less(prenominal) likely to be repeated. Addicts change their behaviour in response to rewards and punishment. Bring about change in mood and material changes. Skinner worked with animals. Greater behaviour changes when he gave less reinforcement or when they are unpredictable. Can explain why gamblers may get addicted. They are not winning all the time, makes need strange. Learning Model Initiation initial rewards shapes future behaviourMaintance continues rewards reinforce and maintain behaviour Relapse person giving up, relapse might be less likely if they have relearnt the addictive behaviour all individuals are equally suspicious EVAULATION X animals X learning theories are reductionalists v can explain differences COGNITIVE MODEL OF ADDICTION Cognitive is thinking. This emphasises the habitua l ways people deal with life events may soupcon to addicitive behabviour. A person can swan on drugs or even gambling as a way of coping with lifes problems. But these may create more problems than causes.Beck et al the vicious cycle first mood -gt using dope/ gambling -gt finacial, medical or social problem -gt the cycle continues Low mood can be relieved by addictive behaviour. Addiction can lead to problems. These problems lead to confuse mood. The cycle begins again. Coping self mediciation model Initation indivduals uses the addicitive behaviour to copy with focussing/psycholoigcal problems. It is not choosen at random, it has been selected to help with a particular problem. Helps fulfil the 3 main functions mood regulation performance management distractionMaintance and relapse many smaller mention stress relief as a major reason why they keep to their habit Self efficacy theory BANDORA This refers to one being organised and escort any actions required to meet p articular goal. This plays an important part in whether or not a person go away start to engage in addicitive behaviour (initation). Whether they believe they can do anything about it once established (maintance and relaspe) FAULTY THINKING Addicters lie to themselves because they think that it may bring them luck. But not all things are luck but people believe that whhat they are doing is correct.EVALUATION OF COGNITIVE MODEL Strenghts. v cognitive explanations help explain individuals differences. Not everyone is addicitive X relative success of cognitive treatment of addicition support there is some cognitive basis Weaknessess X publication bias studies show a necktie between positive expectations and drinking behaviour. But not all studies are publlished so we get an unrepresentative view EXPLANATIONS FOR SPECIFIC ADDICTIONS Smoking Smoking produces a phsyical addicition to nicotine, influencing dopamine production and the brain reward system. The WHO (world health organi sations) estimates there are 1. billion smokers worldwide and they smoke 6 trilliopn cigarettes a year. Bad for you Smoking leads to high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer and strokes. Pregnant women who smoke are more likely to have premature babies. The fact peoe still smoke knowing the facts shows how addicitve it is. Nicotine There are about 3000 chemical components in cigarette smoke but nicotime is the addicitve chemical. HILTS (1994) compared nicotine with heroin, cocaine, alcohol,m caffeine and cannabis. He ranked nicotine first baseest in landmarks of effect but highest in terms of dependence.Smokers why try to give up have a relapse rate of 70%. Quickly Addictive DIFRANZA (2007) found juvenile smokers had strong craving cigarettes two days after staring, suggesting how quickly people became addicted. Reasons to smoke biological model Nicotine in cigarettes is seen as affecting production of the neurotransmitters dopamine and acetylcholine, producing a reward effect. Genetics have more vulnerabilty to smoking addicition. SHIELDS (1992) looked at 42 twins pairs who had been reared apart. Only 9 wre discordant for smoking (one was and was a non smoker, which suggests that genes may play a part) complaisant FactorsMost people start smoking in their childhood or adolescence. Operant conditioning does not explain this because the first few cigarettes taste horrible. So OC says that they get rewards from peers. Social Learning Theory Children copy their role models because they think it is all right to smoke. Parents But one main crook is the parents. LADER AND MATHESON (1991) said if parents smoked, children were twice as likely to smoke. Cognitive model The cognitive model suggests that teenagers have strategies for not smoking even when pressurised by peers.But there was a group who were ready to smoke (MITCHELL and WEST 1996) mortal differences In a US study, it suggests strong links between smoking and poor school records, bas eborn self- jimmy no sport, and other illegal drug taking. Cognitive factors Smokers are seen as possessing irrational thoughts for instance that smoking improves cognitive functionoing or calm nerves. such(prenominal) dysfunctional ideas can be self-fulfilling AO2 The fact that biological therapies help people quit supports the biological theory. Many people quit nicotine replacements suggesting social and cognitive factors. backup evidenceNIDA (2005) found that 90% of American smokers started as teenagers, mainly as a result of copying peers, suggesting SLT as a cause of initiation of smoking. A novel Canadian study (Khaled 2005) found that there was a link between depression and nicotine where depression was higher in smokers and even higher in smokers who cute to give up. PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLERS Need to meet 5/10 to be problem gamblers. More than 5, you are a pathological gambler. 1/ preoccupation with gambling 2/ need to gamble with increasing amount of money in order to achie ve the desired excitement 3/ repeated unsuccessful efforts to keep in line/out back or stop gambling. / restlessness or irritability when trying to out take on gambling. 5/ use of gambling as means of escaping from problems or relieving dysphonic mood. 6/ return to gambling even after losing money, in the hope of winning it back 7/ lying to family members, therapists or others to turn back the extent of gambling 8/ committing illegal acts such as forgery, fraud or theft to financial gambling 9/ jeopardising or losing significant relationships/jobs/educational opportunist as a result of gambling 10/ reliance on others to produce money to relieve a desperate situation caused by gambling Getting a highOne of the motivators is the high they experience when they are close to winning. Raised levels of dopamine and noradrenalin have been found in people after episodes of gambling and in serious gamblers. These neurochemicals can be raised with the thought of gambling. biological Stoppin g gambling seems to result in the same tolerant of withdrawal symptoms associated with stopping drugs. ROSENTHAL ET AL (1992) found that over 60% of pathology gamblers, reported physical withdraw and these could be compared with withdrawal of drugs. A number of studies have shown a link between potential brain abnormalities.It is linked between front lobe dysfunction and problem gambling (CAVEAINI ET AL 2002) Genetics There is evidence from studies that gambling could be inherited. Results of a twin study from SHAH (2005) found evidence of genetic transmission of gambling in men. Behavioural/sociocultural factors You are more likely to gamble if you are near a gambling area Alcohol It has been suggested that drinking increasing gambling, particularly in problem gambling. Young, game- motorcar gamblers stay on the machine longer when drinking. (POLS ET AL 1991). However, regular casino gamblers drink less when they are gambling.Behavioural SLT says that people copy from others. Ope rant says that people do it for rewards and getting high. Classical says that people associate the winning with the pleasure. Cognitive ZUCKERMAN (1979) claimed there are individual differences in the need for sensation seeking. They look for varied and new experiences. They have a low appreciation of gamble and look forward to the buzz more than low sensation seeks. Vulnerability of addiction Self esteem Teenagers are more likely to be linked with low self esteem and have addictive behaviours. Higher rates of depression and suicide DEVERENSKY 2003LEVY 2009 low self esteem plus the chances of developing addiction. Genetic vulnerability. Several factors might be required have an addiction. AO2 Cause and effect addiction because of low self esteem or low self esteem causes addiction. GREENBERG ET AL (1999) found that in a sample of 129-addiction student, none had issues with low self esteem. Psychological therapies based on realizing self esteem levels in addicts may stop them r elapsing. Attributions Explanations people give for their own behaviour. Cognitive behaviour can play a part in addictive behaviour.MOORE ET AL (1999) says that young male problem gamblers sometimes have unrealistic ideas about their chances of winning and of their ability to make things happen. People with addictive behaviour frequently have poor self efficacy (blame the outside world) and an external locus of control. They dont blame their selves. SENEVITNE ET AL (2000) used a questionnaire and 70 alcoholics. The found that alcoholics see other relapse because they have poor will power while their own relapsed were beyond their control and not their fault. AO2 May have more to do with responsibility of the addict.Therapies focus on positive beliefs on the addicts own power can lead to better success rates. Fast successful quitters in clinics oftentimes relapse on the outside as they blame outside cues to starting again. Personality EYSENCH (1997) psychological resource model w hich has 3 dimensions which are inherited P (psychoticism) Aggressive, coldness, impulsivity and egocentricity N (neuroticism) Moodiness, imitabilty and anxiety E (extraversion) Optimums, liveliness and sociability There is little evidence to support a link between E and drug dependence. N and P have links with addiction to heroin, alcohol and nicotine.There is a correlation between alcohol addiction and anti social personalities. Gender Men are more likely to gamble because they are more competitive. Recent evidence has shown that there is an increase of women gamblers. With females, they are more likely to be addicted to smoking because of the risks of the consequences. (FOX 1994) However, in gambling more boys are regular gamblers than girls. JACOBS 2001 says boys start gambling earlier, spend more money and enjoy competitive skill based games. Social context Social context can knead vulnerability to dependency in many ways.Parents can be influenced through their own names to add ictive behaviours. Drinking and to a lesser extent, smoking are not seen as sociability acceptable behaviours. CICCHETTIC 1999 states getting drunk and being anti-social can lead to drug abuse as can being depressed or anxious as a teenager. WAGNER ET AL 2002 found cannabis users were more likely to take cocaine so the social context can act as a gateway to harder drugs. AO2 LESHNER 1998 believes that treatment must include social context differently if cue addict returns to the same social context, they will relapse.KUENTZEL 2008 found that pathological gambler give socially acceptable answers in self reports, playing down their addiction, suggesting data could be invalid. Family influence Teenagers copied off other SLT. It also shows that a liberal attitude to drugs, poor bonding and dysfunctional relationship can lead to addictive behaviour. Parents are unconcerned about their children. Sociocultural background H solely 1990 found people in lower socio economic backgrounds were more likely to take drugs. Poor education + live in areas = high crime VITARA (2001) linked between alcohol abuse and problem gambling particularly in males.The role of media in addictive behaviour The media has influence on addictive behaviour. Advertising This can be used to encourage sales of alcoholic drinks and the lottery etc. or by the government to start anti-smoking campaigns etc. Alcohol and cigarettes CHAPMAN ET ALL 1982 found underage smokers preferred the more adverting brands. ATKIN ET AL 1984 found that 12-17 years old who had watched more adverts on drinking alcohol were more likely to approve of underage drinking. Banned on advert for cigarettes Cigarettes adverting is now banned in the UK as evidence as shown people are influenced by the advert they see.Role models Alcohol seems acceptable because of TV and films. SLT suggests we learn what we see which means TV characterises may influence the audience. Smokers, gamblers or drinkers as long as they are loveable r ogues could be seen as role models. CHARLTON 1986 seeing adverts made children associate smoking with looking handsome up GUNSEKA 2005 found that drug taking in films to be portrayed in positive fashion with little reference to negative outcomes. AO2 Media can be positive influence on addictive behaviour. Media create moral panics which would stop addicts.The impact of media on addictive behaviour is hard to assess as research is correlation so dont know what other variables are in place. Models of prevention of addiction Addiction = bad for a person and parliamentary procedure Behaviour can stem from biological behaviour and cognitive factors with the addictive behaviour/addiction. It is in our interest to help prevent them before they even being or help to stop someone intending to begin an addiction TRA THE THEORY OF REASONED ACTION AJZEN AND FISHBEIN 1975 There are three general components, attitude, subjective norms and behavioral intention.This theory states the factors th at are involved when people decide on their actions. People behave based on their attitudes of the behaviour and the interaction of what others will think of their behaviour. fundamentally this model believes that if you have an intention to engage in a behaviour it can predict that you make a decision to carry out the behaviour. CRANO ET ALL 2008 used TRA to estimate teenagers vulnerability to inhalant abuse, by assessing intention to use or avoid drug taking and actual behaviour. The model was found to be accurate as a predictive toll and thus useful in helping addicts to abstain.AO2 of TRA Critics see TRA as deficient in explaining behaviour of those who have little control over their behaviour, such as addicts. TRA does not consider personality and cultural factors or demographics that shape addictive behaviour. Addicts are often aware of their behaviour and that it is not rational but they cannot help their addiction. THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR TPB TRA was modified to produce TPB, adding a new component, the influence of perceived control. The theory of planned behaviour perceived control this is similar to Banduras concept of self-efficacy.According to TPB behavioural intentions are the outcome of the following beliefs. Attitude this can be a positive or negative evaluation of behaviour combined with beliefs about the outcome (e. g giving up smoking will be hard but will improve health). Subjective norms, perception if social norms my friends will approve of my attempt to give up smoking. sensed Behaviour Control a belief that someone can give up. AO2 of TPB The model assumes behaviours are conscious reasoned and planned, which may not be the face with addicts.As with TRA, TPB often used questionnaires to gather data, which can have issues with self report and social desirability. Most research is western countries cultural bias as individuals might not be as important in eastern cultures. Types of intervention Stages of changes model PROCHASHA AND DICLEMENTE said there were 5 stages that have to be overcome to wave addiction Pre-contemplation before you start thinking about quitting the addiction. Contemplation when you start to quit your addiction. Preparation seek methods to stop addiction. Action is starting the stopping to the addiction Maintance.People sometimes switch backwards and forwards and this is called the revolving door phenomenon. People in the preparation stage were more likely to attempt to give up an addiction than those in the contemplation stage. Psychological interventions Aversion therapy Contingency contracting Cue exposure self management technique Aversion therapy Punishment rather than reward. Been used to break smoking and alcohol addiction. Electric shocks every time the individual took addiction but was not successful. The addicts have been given a drug called Antabuse, when they drink alcohol, they are sick. They will link between the two.LANG AND MARLETT TWO LIMITATIONS X not everyone was willing to take the drug. X doesnt explain why they become addicted to the behaviour. With smoking, therapy was successful. Had to puff every 6 seconds, made the individual feel ill and nausea, assisted the two SPIEGLAR AND GUEVREMONT. However, not been consistent across studies and a higher risk associated with this treatment for people who have heart problems. Didnt focus on the act of smoking rather than causing the underlying addiction. Contingency contracting Individual to identify the environmental factors that are associated with smoking/drinking.The therapist aim to gradually expose the client to different cues and helps them to develop coping strategies to deal with the cues without resorting to smoking/drinking. Reduces the patients physical dependence on alcohol. but it does not teach them to deal with cues when they return to every day life. Cue exposure Addictive behaviour are often caused in the pressure of various stimuli. Cue exposure involves presenting the cue to the individual and helping them t control their reaction to it. In this way the response of smoking in the pressure of alcohol fades away or exiting wishes.This is thought to be more effective than simply trying to avoid the cues. For example more drinking. Self-management technique This involves a variety of behavioural techniques. The individual is usually monitored by a therapist. The individual is asked to keep a daily record of their addictive habits and the changes to try and become aware of the things that make them become addictive. The individual should question the effects of the addiction. HALL ET ALL said that techniques can be used as a broader treatment programme, but they do not seem to be particularly effective on their own. EVAUALTIONWhile these behaviours based can be effective, they all share the problem that they do not really address the underlying reason why people have become addictive in the first place. Often short term With all therapies for addiction, the y work better if they are mixed with other therapies based on other treatment. Different ways/treatment to smoking/drinking/drugs Biological interventions have been widely used to help people give up on smoking. There have been different way of tackling with peoples smoking addiction. There are different types of treatment Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)This type of treatment involves nicotine gum, patches and nasal spray and others. These are effect because they help smokers stop their addiction in several ways. While the smoker take one of these replacement therapies, they are helping to withdraw the symptoms of smoking. These have also shown that these can have positive reinforcement with the person who is trying to give up. this meaning that the person is more likely to not do it again because they have something to distract them from the actual smoking. With this the client will used varies of different formulations and will easily used smaller formulations as gum.Even thou gh the client will have an urge to have a cigarettes, there are other ways to come about this. Nicotine patches help because they gradually emit nicotine throughout the day. If the client has a cigarette during the treatment, they are more likely to not repeat this again because the cigarette will be less satisfying. Bupropion Another way of helping with the addiction of smoking is bupropion. This drug works by increasing the brain levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, this simulates the effects of nicotine of these neurotransmitters. This is an effect treatment because it helped to block out the nicotine receptors.This means that the client is less likely that the client will relapse and have a cigarette. It has also bee proven my psychologists WATTS that it is successful. Varenicline This type of drug released dopamine in the brain. It also blocks effects of any nicotine added to the system. Trials have found that varenicline is superior to bupropion in helping people to stop smo king. Also it has helped smokers reduce the amount of cigarettes they have after a 12-week trial. Nicotine vaccines This is a new clinical trial, which is still undergoing at the moment.The type of trial is trying to help produce anti-bodies to the nicotine. The anti-bodies bind the nicotine so it takes longer to go to the brain. This therefore reduces the effect of the cigarettes smoke. EVALUTION Nicotine replacement therapy delivers nicotine into the bloodstream much more slowly than cigarette smokers does. But then it doesnt satisfy the smoker completely ad maybe the client will give up on the therapy and relapse. new(prenominal) research has shown that its the nicotine rather than other components that underlines the addiction and this maintains the cigarettes smoking.This therefore doesnt rid the client the nicotine addiction. There also have been issues with health and safety with the nicotine. Some research has shown that it could cause cardiovascular, cancer, reproductive d isorders and delayed wound healing. Because the body is still being supplied with nicotine, this could increase heart rate, coronary blood vessels and temporarily increase blooming(a) pressure. There are quite a few side effects to take just nicotine and because of this, it is advised not to take it during pregnancy but then again it is safer to take nicotine than to smoke in pregnancy.

Counselors as Companions and Ethics in Human Services Essay

In this article the counselor states I found that when workings with such clients, my role as counselor is more akin to a special type of travel companion who is imparting to understand and respect the mold of walking along a sacred life path. This is the only way I can effectively help a client explore the deeper dimensions of the ego that are being challenged. As the heros companion I must be willing to share in the clients inconvenience as well as new, and oftentimes unexpected, discoveries. (Halstead, 2000) The counselor learned that he needed to be a companion not a guide. He too learned that no matter how hard a situation is or no matter how many times someone assures you that you cannot do something, if you have the self-will and want to, you can overcome anything you encounter on lifes journey.As the counselor, we must show the client that we are there for them and not tell them what they should be doing or how they should handle a certain situation. In the future, I recover the counselor will be more supportive of the decisions his clients make. As a counselor, we may sometimes feel that the client should do something one way and try to push them towards it but in the end the client in truth does agnize what is best for them. There are so many people like Steve in The Heros Journey, who are told they will neer be fit to do something and they work hard, overcome every obstacle thrown their way and prove everyone wrong.I believe that everyone we come in contact with changes us in one way or the other. I believe everyone has a story that can help the next person. I have a best relay station who called me one day and was telling me about(predicate) this girl she knew who had lost everything, kids, house, car, job, everything someone canlose, she had lost it. My best friend starts telling me that this girl had subprogramed to drugs, prostitution, reenforcement on the streets and had also mentioned suicide a few times. My best friend told m e that she felt like if this girl was to hear my story then it would help her so I told her to bring this girl to my house. They get to my house and I immediately wanted to cry because when I looked at this girl, I seen what I looked like eleven years ago.She was about 511 and maybe 100 pounds, her face was sunk in and you could tell she had not had a shower in a long time. I got her something to eat and drink and then told her my story. I told her about how I was raised Pentecostal by my grandmother who taught me right from wrong. I never wanted for anything growing up and had a family that loved me just like she did. When I turned 18 years old, I started doing drugs, prostitution, being beaten nearly on a daily basis by a man who I thought loved me, being rapped on several occasions, almost killed triad different times, dying from a drug/alcohol overdose but the doctors were able to bring me back, being sent to prison while I was heavy(predicate) for something I didnt do, havi ng my son in prison and losing custody of him and how I turned my life around when I got out of prison.While I am telling my story to this sad and lost girl, she is crying the whole time and I feel it is because she is just a younger version of me. I was told that I would never be anything but a failure at life and would never amount to anything but looking at my life now, you would never know that I had went through any of that unless I told you. Today, this girl has her kids back, a beautiful home, making about $50,000 a year, a husband who truly loves her and she says it is because my story gave her the posture she needed to turn her life around.When we got done that night, she looked at me and said, Thank you for sharing your story with me, it has given me the hope and strength that I have been looking for to turn my life around. I wanted to end my life and just be done with it all. That night she promised me she was not going to stop fighting and she didnt. So yes, I believe with all my heart that most people you come in contact with change you in some way.Steve states in the article that, I really grew up because of all this. Before the attack I was going nowhere. Now I have a direction. (Halstead, 2000) His challenges gave him a greater sensitivity to others needs who were find from strokes and brain injuries. (Halstead, 2000) I believe that having a counselor who believed in him also helped Steve to not give up. Steve had been told by doctor after doctor that he would forever and a day be limited to things he would be able to do. Having just one person tell him that he could do anything he put his mind to, gave him the particular push he needed to overcome those limitations the doctors had given him. I feel that both Steven and the counselor benefited from this relationship.When Steves psychiatrist called the counselor, I do not feel the psychiatrist had a right to discuss Steve with the counselor without his permission. I do feel the counselor did right by not going into details about his sessions with Steve and waited until Steve returned to school to speak with him about it. However, when the counselor seen that Steve was depressed and thinking about suicide when he received his fall semester grades, the counselor had a responsibility to Steve to desire help from someone else. In the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals it states that if it is suspected that danger or harm may occur to the client or to others as a result of a clients behavior, the humanity service professional acts in an appropriate and professional manner to protect the safety of those individuals.This may involve seeking consultation, supervision, and/or breaking the confidentiality of the relationship. (National Organization for Human Services, n.d) If I ever have a client that is thinking about suicide, I will talk to my supervisor and ask for his help in coming up with a plan to help my client, maybe ask my supervisor to sit in on a ses sion with me and talk to the client as well.Because of the personal nature of their work, human service workers at all levels are held to a tag of ethics that protects the rights and dignity of clients and establishes standards of practice. (Sessoms, n.d) The National Organization of Human Service ethical standards places a responsibility on human service workers that have for their clients, the community, colleagues, employers, the profession and the human service worker themselves. The National Association of Social Workers approaches ethics through a core set of values, which include service, dignity and worth of the person, social justice, justness and competence. (Sessoms, n.d)ReferenceHalstead, R. W. (2000). FROM TRAGEDY TO TRIUMPH COUNSELOR AS COMPANION ON THE HEROS JOURNEY. Retrieved from http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/detail?vid=2&sid=5b062172-ddf2-4c9d-a107-d6387c05f54b%40sessionmgr198&hid=115&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3ddb=aph&AN=2768884 National Organizat ion for Human Services. (n.d.). Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals. Retrieved July 5, 2014, from http//www.nationalhumanservices.org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals Sessoms, G. (n.d.). Code of Ethics for Human Service Workers. Retrieved July 5, 2014, from http//http//work.chron.com/code-ethics-human-service-workers-8132.html

Digging to America Book written by Anne Tyler

Pulitzer Prize winner, Anne Tyler has brought a fictional group of characters to real life in her 17th novel, Digging to the States. attach two vastly different families on a chance meeting at an airport, ones in exclusively-American the other Iranian immigrants, she assimilates present US goal with a ardent emphasis on friendship, parenting, traditions and accents it with a tender romance. I would consider Maryam Yaszdan to be Tylers, central character, who after being in America for almost 40 years, nevertheless feels like a alien.During the six-year span that these families lives intertwine, Maryams view of this plight resonates throughout inflicting bits of conflict and resentment. Fri sidereal day, August 15, l997, a Balit more(prenominal) than airport, two separate groups anxiously gathered, un spangingly, for the same woodworking plane to arrive, for the same reason to pick up their baby misss adopted from the same country, Korea.. Observing their ethnic differences, we see an American family entourage equipped with buttons that read MOM, DAD. GANDMA, and grandfather (twice over) silvery balloons printed with ITS A GIRL half a dozen video cameras, car seat, skirted bassinet and enough bubbling enthusiasm to be on the borderline of obnoxiousness.The other family, in a single line of three a young couple, foreign-looking, olive-skinned, (7) and an older woman, quietly awaited, no adoption flair, think solely on the arrival of their new baby. First to depart from the plan an Asian woman calling for the Donaldsons. She introduces the family to Jin-Ho flashbulbs, cameras, a crowd of people to welcome the newborn.. other Asian woman steps away, calling for the Yazdans Congratulations, this is Sooki, she utter.(7) As the women were completing the transfers, someone asked Is yours from Korea too? (8) That answer started a lasting friendship and an improbable voyage for two mismatched families. Bitsy and secure Donaldson were a typical Americ an family. I know these sounds like a 50s sitcom, but that was my impression. They lived in etiolate clapboard Colonial on a narrow street in Mount Washington. Bitsy was plain, extroverted and very opinionated, especially when it came to child rearing. She was adamant about her guidance being the right way.Brad was a good provider, his mild temperament made him the perfect peacekeeper, smoothing out impending disagreements when their large family visited. Having a baby would complete the picture, and Jin Ho did exclusively that along with mixing up the way an all-American family looks. It was curious to me that this typical American, family insisted on not changing the babys name, keeping her squared off haircut and dressing her in Korean costumes. I can understand them wanting her to know about her birth country and its culture, but I felt it was to an extreme.My coda was relevant, Jin Ho did resent not feeling as American as her friends when she got older. Maybe, Bitsys way wa s not always the right way, after all. Ziba and Sami Yazdan was Iranian-American. They met in college where Sami examine to be a teacher like his father, who died when he was 14 years old. After they were married, Sami started to work for a real estate developer, in spite of his mother, Maryams silent disapproval, and made it his career. The couple moved into his companys newest development , a large, beautiful home in a Hunt Valley.Ziba was glamorous, bordering on more of a flashy appearance, she enjoyed her job as an interior decorator. Sami was a serious type and had indifference toward Iran and America. He would go into a litany of these Americans. , (80) when his relatives would visit. The list covered much(prenominal) issues as Americans obsession with logic and that its the reason theyre always suing each other, (81) Americas belief that theyre an elicit to the whole world, theyre immediate directness to open up to people, and my personal favorite, theyre do-your-own-thing kind of culture.(82)Even with this attitude, Sami refused to speak Farsi, as his relatives did frequently, and conversed besides in English. During these tirades , Maryam, would be outraged, at Sami, reminding him sternly American born, American raised, never been anywhere else how can you say these things? Youre American yourself (82) She would continue with the constraints of living in Iran having to be cautious of every(prenominal) word you spoke, having to keep every opinion to yourself and the need to always be aware of who may be listening. Maryam would end with the always-useful adage, You take it for granted, is the problem. (83)In complete contrast to Samis anti-American comments, he and Ziba were determined to develop the American dream realized for Sooki. , and unlike the Donaldsons, they immediately changed her name to Susan. The Yazdan-Donaldsons relationship began with Bitsy and one of many family gatherings. She phoned the solely Yazdans in the phone book, to inv ite them to a leaf raking party. Bitsy told Maryam, who was babysitting Susan, that she wanted the girls to know each other, she felt it was important for them to maintain their cultural heritage.They true the invitation, which included Maryam, since both sets of Jin Hos grandparents, would also be there. Ziba was a little insecure, besides the babies ,she didnt live much in common since the Donaldsons were much older, Maryam going would lighten the event, and give her support. Leaf raking party was just that, everyone raked leaves. The usual my baby this and my baby that banter commenced and at times made Ziba questioned her mothering capabilities. Was she doing everything unseasonable?Jin Ho was already eating food, Susan was still on the bottle. Should she be wearing more black and white clothes like Bitsy, because babies didnt see in color? Moreover, the biggest controversy should she be a stay at home mom. Maryam interrupted, seeing Zibas frustration, saying how much she lo oked forward to her couple of days reflexion Susan, but Bitsys disapproval still showed.. Bitsy and Brads parents arrived and then the grandparent baby banter began.After the raking, supper was served. Bitsy said We certainly love your cuisine,this opened a confabulation about Iran. Pat, Brads mother asked if they had any trouble during the Iranian hostage crisis, Ziba said she was already in America then everyone glanced at Maryam, Oh, mayhap a little, (29) she reluctantly said, steering the rag back to a safe subject, the girls. After that night, the two families got together often, although Maryam politely declined, when invited. Ziba and Sami celebrated the Iranian New division with her parents, so Maryam stopped having a formal jubilancy, except for this spring.Ziba wanted the Donaldsons to be a part of theyre tradition so she persuaded Maryam to have the celebration at her house Normally Maryam would be willing, but her thoughts were rattling with Why should they have to put on these ethnic demonstrations? let the Donaldsons go to the Smithsonian for that Let them read the National Geographic Just thoughts, she never would say them aloud, and agreed to the party. A few weeks before the party, Sami took Maryam to Rockville for exotic ingredients to make the traditional Iranian dishes.She told him When I first-year came to this country, your grandmother had to mail most of my spices from Iran. (37) Maryam was 19 years old going to America for an arranged marriage to Kiyan. She had met him in Iran, but he went to America earlier to start his job as a teacher, they married via telephone and grew to love each other very much. In those days, all their couple friends were Iranian, in the same situation. She wondered where all those people were now, moved to other cities, political differences separated them, Who supported the Shah? Who did not? (37) and since Kiyans death she felt she didnt belong in that two-by-two circle. (37)Maryam, perhaps because she was widowed for so long, became more critical, having to pay close attention to her mannerisms around people. She tended to come of as refined and unapproachable, when she was really kind and loving. Working in an office at a the day care center, Susan would eventually attend, she had many single friends, both Iranian and American, She had an active social life, but she built the toughest unseeyn wall around her heart, never letting any man go beyond it. At least not until, Bitsys father, Dave.On the one-year anniversary of the day the girls arrived, Bitsy wanted to have an arriver Party,(56) she named it to celebrate the event. Similar to a birthday party, with a Korean desert, cake and candles, and the showing of the video taken at the airport. Brad was concerned it would be too much for Bitsy, since her mother had a set back with her cancer but this was just the diversion she needed. The day quickly came and the first to arrive were Zibas parents, Mr. and Mrs. Hakimi, very exotic, they entered in a very respectful manner. Next to arrive Bitsy and Brads family, then the Yardans.Susan was in a picturesque party dress and Jin Ho in a full Korean costume. The girls played together unaware of any differences between them or their families. Childhood simplicity, if we all could remain in that frame of mind, how pleasant the world would be. Bitsy had a specific line up starting with a theme song, Shell Be Coming plump the Mountain , sung by the guests, as the girls blew out the candles, on their Stars and Stripes cake, then the video Bitsy apologized that it was just of Jin Ho and if they had known Susan would be coming they would have taped her too. Oh, thats okay, Ziba said. I have the memorymy head. (67)As the video went on and on and onBitsy suddenly cried We did get her in We did (73) Susan was there. The Arrival Party would be an annual event, alternating houses. This celebration would be the foundation of the Zardan and Donaldsons relationship an d the development of Jin Ho and Susans friendship. It would also bring two lonely people, both mourning the loss of theyre true loves, Maryam and Dave, together. The following year the Yazdans threw the bash, with a few extra people, Ziba had relatives visiting from Iran and Bitsys two brothers and theyre families attended.The whole missing people were Brads parents, who went on a cruise and Connie, Bitsys mom who passed away. Maryam gave Dave some advice on coping with his loss and fears that accompany the sadness. Arrival Party number two was underway song, cake and video to mark another year. Brad and Bitsy also announced they would be adopting another baby girl from China . It was the Donaldsons turn the 3rd year and it was starting to be a competition, at least for Bitsy, who felt the Yazdans had changed the rules, (111) by serving a full dinner instead of just deserts. In full project mode, she planned her diner, canaps and all.The Arrival Party came fast and went smoothly, M aryam and Daves small talk was lighter, most of the time, and a bit flirty. Dave did talk about how hard it was watching Connie die, he felt guilty at times that he didnt have more patience with her towards the end. Maryam understood, as no one could, she watched her husband die the same way. Their friendship deepened. Song time came, cake and video. Sami and Ziba bought a larger home, just three blocks from the Donaldsons. Maryam was watching Susan when Dave called and asked if he could bring Jin Ho over to play. She agreed.He wanted to stay, instead of just dropping her off. He had a cup of coffee and Maryam go on her cooking, suddenly insisting he didnt have to stay, she would bring Jin Ho home. He left bewildered. Maryam felt him getting through her invisible wall and wet it quickly. She went to Vermont to visit a friend, avoiding Dave or probably avoiding having feelings for him. When she returned home she visited Bitsy to thank her for winning care of Susan while she was aw ay. Bitsy chose this time to champion on her fathers behalf, My father thinks youre wonderful, she said.Would you go out to dinner with him? (151) Maryam subconsciously knew he felt this way but, she kept telling herself her he was just a widower needing company. She diverted the subject, which she has a ease of doing. Arrival Party time again, Yazdans turn and there thinking of serving a whole roast lamb. (153) The celebration was starting to be more like I can do better than you, than about the girls. Maryam was helping with the arrangements and Ziba babbled about Dave, this time Maryam spoke up, Im Iranian hes American . . .(154) What difference does that make? (154) Ziba asked.Maryam talked about her friend Farah and what a point her American husband makes about her foreignness. It seems shes not really Farah at all shes Madame Iran. (154) Ziba insisted Dave wasnt like that, but Maryam still felt like a foreigner after over 40 years and to be with an American would make her f eel it even stronger. The Arrival Party came, same chitchat, festivities and a farewell for Bitsy and Brad heading off to China. Dave took every opportunity, while watching Jin Ho to visit Maryam.And by the time the Donaldsons came home with Xiu Mei, Dave had sneaked inside Maryams protective shield and they were dating. The Yazdans threw the next Arrival Party because Xiu Mei had been sickly, in and out of hospitals. The event was slightly different the girls joined in the singing and the video went basically unobserved. The next event was more energetic, the annual leaf-raking party. Dave had Maryam sit in a chair and instructed the girls to sprinkle sugar on her head, Maryam, Dave said. Will you marry me? (208) Instead of answering, she looked at the girls to see what they put on her head.It should have been cone-shaped to go with the Iranian custom and it should have been grown women holding the sugar to symbolize their happy marriages. He probably thought he was doing something good, but she felt it should of been make exactly as its suppose to be done, or not at all. As these thoughts filled her head she said, Yes. (208) Everyone cheered. The next day Maryam went to Sami and Zibas and told them she only said yes because she was embarrassed not too. He is so American, (213) I dont have my own separate self.(213)She felt bad and hoped it wouldnt tinge theyre friendship with the Donaldsons. A year went by before she bumped into Dave again, he was picking up Jin Ho the same time she was picking up Susan at dancing school. They did theyre little small talk dance, except he told her Bitsy had cancer. She felt his pain and knew all the memories of Connie must have come rushing back. When she returned home, she wrote Bitsy a note and offered asked if she could be of any help. Maryam was now noticing how lonely she was the past year. How alive she felt with Dave, doing couple things.Maybe the feelings she had were stronger than she realized and the ones about feeling like a foreigner were not as important. One morning, Bitsy called to thank her for the note, they got caught up and both said how much they missed each other. Bitsy asked if she would attend the Arrival Party coming up. Maryam said she would think about it, but didnt want anyone to feel awkward. Pondering to go or not, Maryam something Kiyan once said came to mind, I dont know why truly good people always make me sad. (263) She decided she would go and helped Ziba with the details. The party started and everyone was there, except for Maryam.When Ziba looked in the dinning room all the Donaldsons had left, she was devastated so Sami called his mother. She answered, not understanding Samis tone, but said she fully intended on going she just overslept. He told her the Donaldsons left and it was safe for her to go over. She insisted she had all intentions of being there. Maryam then heard Bitsy outside her window, people kept yelling and knocking, she didnt answer. Finally, she looked out the window and saw all the Donaldsons paseo toward their cars. Maryam called, Wait for me (277) The two families would celebrate, yet another Arrival PartyThe imprint of these families, meeting by chance growing in love and friendship by choice, depicts that no matter what culture or mixture of cultures, come together what really constitutes a bond is the right choice. In making that choice taking into consideration the respect of others beliefs, opinions, insecurities and strengthens. The Donaldsons and Yardans, American and Iranian families brought two other cultures into their circle two little girls from Korea and one from China. When you put all these pieces together, what would theyre families culture be? I say theyre culture is acceptance.

How the integration of all the systems contribute to normal functioning Essay

All parts of the human personate are extremely different and each one complex in the way in which they surgery. The integration of the eleven organizations of the body are all essential for normal functioning and need interact to maintain a healthy body. An example of integration, is the respiratory system and the circulatory system. The respiratory system brakes down Oxygen (O) taken into the body. After this action has taken place, the Oxygen is then passed into the circulatory system to be transported around the body to provide cells with energy.This energy is called Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), without this energy the body and its functioning would fail. After Oxygen has been distributed around the body the waste product one C Dioxide (C02), is taken back to the respiratory system via the circulatory system to be excreted from the body. Another example of system integration is the relationship between the nervous system, endocrinal system, circulatory system and reproduction system. The nervous system collects information from around the body and processes it to give a output action. Arousal of the sexual organs, detected by the nervous system triggers a hormonal release.The hormones, produced by the endocrine system in the testes and ovaries, travel through the circulatory system in the blood to the reproductive system. The two examples above show examples of Homoeostasis, which is the internal environment of the body which must kept balanced at all times. Should Homoeostasis fail or any of the bodys systems fail, temporarily or permanently, it can have consequences on the other systems in the human body. It can cause disturbance in the body functioning and can sometimes even result in death. Integration is absolutely essential for survival.

Children and young people workforce Essay

1. Identify a current a national legislation relevant to safeguarding baby birdren and juvenile peoples welfare. The children act 2004 This act requires every child, any(prenominal) their background or circumstance, to have the support they inquire to be healthy, be kept safe and to taste and achieve.2. Identify twain current local policies, procedures or guidance in relation to safeguarding the welfare of children and small people. Child nourishion policy Health and Safety policy3. Complete the by-line table with two examplesAgency name (involved in safeguarding children and young people) Role of agency (in own work setting)Social serveSupports families and individuals and often play a leading role in safeguarding children and young people. Health VisitorsThey are accountable for the health of babies and children under the age of five.4. Complete the following table.Types of child abuseList three characteristics for each(prenominal) type of child abusePhysicalUnexplained injuryFlinching when approachedRepeated admission to hospital excitedMental health problemsPoor self-esteem Substance abuseSexualSadness/depression impairment of self-esteemInappropriate sexual behaviourNeglectUnusual weight lossUntreated sensible problemsUnsafe living conditionsBullyingUnequal treatmentHarassmentDeliberate exclusion5. Complete the following table.Concerns that a colleague isGive a description of the action to be taken in resultFailing to comply with safeguarding proceduresFailing to comply with safeguarding procedures will put a child or young person at risk. You would have to follow the settings safeguarding policy or immediately report it to the safeguarding co-ordinator or the supervisor. You would not discuss any of the matters with anyone else. Harming, abusing or bullying a child or young personTo protect the child you would first inform the supervisor. If the allegation is against the supervisor you would then have to report the concerns to the designated person for child protection.6. Describe the principles and boundaries of confidentiality and when to share information.When working with children or young people certain information has to be dispassionate such as NamesContact numberAddressMedical informationTo give out any information is a breach of confidentiality and should only be passed out on a need to know basis. For example, information should only be passed to others who deal with the childs health, well being, welfare or protection.

How a Bill Becomes a Law Essay

near 10 percent of chelaren in the United States suffer from asthma, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dealing with a inveterate health condition like asthma has several signifi nookiet effects on a tykes lifestyle. Childhood should be fun and carefree, nevertheless kids with asthma have to take on some very big worries and responsibilities. They need to learn which symptoms and events are likely to trigger an fervor, such as cold weather, exercise, stressful situations and exposure to secondhand smoke. Kids, their families and other caregivers must all learn to recognize the signs of an violate and how to respond to it quickly, such as using a steroid inhaler during acute attacks. Some kids alike take daily maintenance medications, such as bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, which may reduce the risk of incoming attacks. Being active is a key component of being healthy and physical activity is a major part of many kids lives. However, kid s with asthma often have limitations that make it difficult to participate in sports, active playground games and activities like dancing. bronchial asthma doesnt usually prevent kids from participating in these events, but they are often at greater risk of experiencing an asthma attack in these situations.Both the children and the adults on the sidelines need to be alive(predicate) of the possibility that an asthma attack could occur and what to do if it does. Anything that makes a child stand out can cause feelings of embarrassment and even shame. Kids with asthma may hero-worship having an attack at school, or feel uncomfortable about having to use an inhaler in the presence of their friends. They may feel left out when they cant always participate in activities with their peers. Having any serious, chronic illness is scary, and kids with asthma need extra emotional support to develop additional coping skills. Asthma often causes missed school days and these absences from scho ol can quickly lead to a child falling behind. Kids with asthma may need extra tutoring to keep up with their classes, and understanding teachers who are aware of their students health issues are crucial. In some cases, severe or frequent asthma-related illness and hospitalization may even require parents to consider homeschooling. Parents of children who have asthma often worry constantly about their child. When a child is first diagnosed with asthma there tends to be frequent emergency room visits due to the fear of the parents for their childs safety.This situation impacts the whole family. Places that are unhealthy for an asthmasufferer are avoided, which can keep the other family members from having these experiences. The direct costs of asthma are estimated at more than $9.4 billion. This cost is born(p) by individuals, families, health systems and insurance providers according to the Allergy and Asthma Advocate.

Public Health Care Policy Essay

The peckerwood I exact chosen to examine is efflorescence H. R. 1983 States Medical Marijuana Patient Protection Act. This touchstone was sponsored by Barney Frank from Massachusetts. This prime calls for a rescheduling of cannabis and to defer each states ruling on its medical examination exam use. This bill would change federal legal philosophys to prohibit arrest or harassment of patients prescribed marihuana in any state that the state law allows. at that place would be minimal cost in implementing this bill as the federal political relation is spending a large amount of funds to enforce this law as well as hold prisoners in facilities. Currently there is a conflict amid some state and federal laws on the subject of medical marijuana. According to PopVox.com there are shortly no organizations opposing this bill, while it lists several organizations endorsing it. Currently the organizations endorsing this bill are the National Organization for clear up of Marijuana L aws, Marijuana Policy Project, the Drug Policy Alliance, Americans for Safe Access, Americans For Forfeiture Reform, and WinLiberty.This bill, in my opinion, will accept the health care economy greatly. If this bill passes it will, in essence, create a new drug for the medical world. Currently, patients that are prescribed marijuana are in danger of getting arrested or harassed by the federal government whether the patients state laws allow it or not. This bill will give power to the state. If this bill passes, it will bring a new drug to the arena of medical drugs without the cost of developing the drug. close to new drugs that enter the market are patented to give incentive to pay high be for research and development, while marijuana has already been created, researched, and developed. The barrier to entry will be low as marijuana is low in cost to grow and is in high demand.If H.R. 1983 passes, the public living in states that allow medical marijuana will be free of fear of pu nishment of the federal government, which will lower the price of being prescribed marijuana in allowing states. The demand for marijuana would increase and tercet to an increase in supply. It would enable the market to balance itself out to the equilibrium of supply and demand. Since there is no patent on the drug, barriers to entry would be minimal.With the cost so high to sell and pervert marijuana for any use, separate substitutes for marijuana are able to increase their prices. The demand is high for pain management, disposition enhancers, as well as anxiety medicine atomic number 82 to high prices for drugs such as Valium, Vicodin, Lortab, Percocet , and others which marijuana has been shown to be used for substitutes. If the government would allow states to rule on the legality of marijuana, the drug would become easier to buy and sell in certain states.This would lead to lower barriers to entry and cost of selling bringing prices atomic reactor for all marijuana substi tutes. Currently, the federal government is artificially holding back the supply of the drug and the buyers, leading to dead weight loss. This policy will allow those who would like to supply the drug but tiret want to pay the high price to enter the market and lower the price that consumers have to pay to buy marijuana. The government will also save money currently being fatigued on enforcement of marijuana work.I believe the government is being asked to pass this bill because consumers, sellers, and the government realise from this bill being passed lower costs for all three, lessening dead weight loss, and increasing income toward the government in sales tax. The losers in this bill could possibly be suppliers of marijuana substitutes. They will be oblige to lower their prices to compensate for higher supply of their drugs substitute.There could possibly be many externalities of the legalization of marijuana. With marijuana having a lower cost, cigar and cigarette smokers co uld move to smoking marijuana instead of tobacco. Fines may be created for whimsical under the influence of the drug as we have with alcohol. There would be more research toward marijuana for the health risks and benefits. Based on my analysis of this bill, I see more positive effects than negative. There would most likely be other externalities that have not been listed, and there may be other issues of drug control that would have to be implemented. In my opinion, giving the states rights to legalize or enforce control is a cheaper more efficient way to manage the market for marijuana.

Private Passions and Moral Responsibilities: Hamlet Essay

more great works of literature often focus on per newsal tragedy and ways of overcoming it. In Shakespeares juncture, how ever, the inability of the main characters to confront their problems properly leads to the destruction of all. The antagonist of the play, Claudius, allows his personal ambition for forcefulness to overshadow the forget of his conscience.Hamlet opens at the royal castle of El viceore where a apparition bearing the fool of the recently deceased King Hamlet is seen walking the halls in battle gear. Later it is learned that his brother, Claudius, has lendn to the throne with King Hamlets ex-wife, Gertrude, after only two months since the Kings passing. The son of the deceased King, Hamlet, sees the marriage as a travesty stating, (Oh God A beast that wants discourse of evidence would stupefy mourned longer) married with my uncle My fathers brother, but no more like my father than I to Hercules. (Shakespeare 13) Clearly, Hamlet sees the marriage as incestuo us in the beginning but he doesnt take action until he is visited by the apparition of his father whoproclaims that Claudius killed him in lust for power. Hamlet is asked, If thou didst ever thy dear father love oh God Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. (27) Here begins Hamlets quest to avenge his father by laying ruin to King Claudius. To be plastered of the Kings guilt, Hamlet puts on a play bearing a resemblance to how the ghost described the murder. When King Claudius views it, he feels a sudden pang of conscience and abruptly leaves. This flinch provides a first glance by the reader, andHamlet that Claudius is guilty and is at odds with himself for his foul actions.From a monologue after storming out of the play, the reader becomesaware of the personal anguish Claudius possesses. O, my curse is rank, itsmells to heaven It hath the primal eldest sentence upont, A brothers murderPray basis I not, though inclination be as sharp as will. My stronger guilt defeats my strong intent.(84) For Claudius the act of killing his brother was a wicked one that he now regrets. His strong intent and ambition forthe throne has caused him turmoil in heavens eyes. The primaryconsequence of Claudiuss actions on his character is that he will now have to make a huge decision as is delineated further into the soliloquy. But, o, what form of prayer can serve my turn? Forgive me my foul murder? Thatcannot be since I am still possess of these effects for which I did the murder My crown, mine own ambition, and my queen.May one be pardoned and retain offense? (84) Will he give up the worldly things he now possesses for forgiveness or will he keep on, undaunted by his guiltand remain stained by his ultimate sin? It seems that the king cannot give up his precious power, but instead asks others to join him in an attempt to fling Hamlet and retain the crown. Claudius asks Laertes, Will you be ruled by me () I will work him to an use now ripe in my device under whic h he shall not choose but crash and for his death no wind of blame shall we breath. (116) Power hungry and greedy, King Claudius has rejected the notions of morality by attempting to kill his nephew and has sealed his fate in the eyes of God.Shakespeares Hamlet pivots on the theme of know passionbefore it is too late. Although Claudius confronts his sins committed in search of title and authority, he never takes the steps needed to hand absolution. Instead, the King opts to use violence to solve his dilemmawhich results in both the downfall of his royal family and the tour of his envenomed(144) blade upon him.